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Glycobiology Advance Access published online on January 3, 2008
Glycobiology, doi:10.1093/glycob/cwm139
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

A preponderantly 4-sulfated, 3-linked galactan from the green alga Codium isthmocladum

Eduardo H.C. Farias1,6, Vitor H. Pomin2,3,6, Ana-Paula Valente3,4,, Helena B. Nader5, Hugo A. O. Rocha1,7 and Paulo A.S. Mourão2,3,7

1 Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais – BIOPOL, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brazil
2 Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho
3 Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68041, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
4 Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Jiri Jonas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
5 Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil

7 To whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: pmourao{at}hucff.ufrj.br

Received on October 9, 2007; accepted on December 28, 2007

The green algae of the genus Codium have recently been demonstrated to be an important source of sulfated galactans from the marine environment. Here, a sulfated galactan was isolated from the species Codium isthmocladum and its structure was studied by a combination of chemical analyses and NMR spectroscopy. Two fractions (SG 1, ~14 kDa, and SG 2, ~20 kDa) were derived from this highly polydisperse and heterogeneous polysaccharide. Both exhibited similar structures in 1H 1D NMR spectra. The structural features of SG 2 and its desulfated derivative were analyzed by COSY, TOCSY, DEPT-HSQC, HSQC and HMBC. This sulfated galactan is composed preponderantly of 4-sulfated, 3-linked β-D-galactopyranosyl units. In minor amounts, it is sulfated and glycosylated at C-6. Pyruvate groups are also found, forming five-membered cyclic ketals as 3,4-O-(1carboxy)ethylidene-β-D-galactose residues. A comparison of sulfated galactans from different marine taxonomic groups revealed similar backbones of 3-β-D-Galp-1.

Key words: Green alga / green seaweed / pyruvylated sulfated galactan / Codium isthmocladum / phylogeny

6 These two authors contributed equally to the work.


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