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Glycobiology Advance Access published online on February 16, 2007
Glycobiology, doi:10.1093/glycob/cwm018
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© 2007 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Review

The Expression and Functions of Glycoconjugates in Neural Stem Cells

Makoto Yanagisawa and Robert K. Yu*

Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics and Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA

* Corresponding author: Robert K. Yu, Ph.D., Med.Sc.D. Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics and Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. Tel: 706-721-0699 Fax: 706-721-8727 E-mail: ryu{at}mcg.edu

Received on January 2, 2007; revised on February 11, 2007; accepted on February 11, 2007

The mammalian central nervous system is organized by a variety of cells such as neurons and glial cells. These cells are generated from a common progenitor, the neural stem cell (NSC). NSCs are defined as undifferentiated neural cells that are characterized by their high proliferative potential while retaining the capacity for self-renewal and multipotency. Glycoconjugates carrying carbohydrate antigens, including glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans, are primarily localized on the plasma-membrane surface of cells and serve as excellent biomarkers at various stages of cellular differentiation. Moreover, they also play important functional roles in determining cell fate such as self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. In the present review, we discuss the expression pattern and possible functions of glycoconjugates and carbohydrate antigens expressed during development in NSCs, with an emphasis on stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1), human natural killer antigen-1 (HNK-1), polysialic acid-neural cell-adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), prominin-1, gp130, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, cystatin C, galectin-1, glycolipids, and Notch.

Key words: development / glycolipids / glycoproteins / niche / proteoglycans


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