Glycobiology Advance Access published online on February 13, 2007
Glycobiology, doi:10.1093/glycob/cwm016
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Long Term Evolution of the Cazy Glycosyltransferase 6 (ABO) Gene Family from Fishes to Mammals: A Birth-and-Death Evolution Model
2 INSERM U601, Université de Nantes, Institut de Biologie, 9 Quai Moncousu, 44093, Nantes Cedex, France
3 Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique Moléculaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Hôpital Rangueil, 31403 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
4 L'Etablissement Français Sang Centre Atlantique, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, B.P. 52009, 37020 TOURS CEDEX 1, France
5 Shemyakin Institute for Bioorganic Chemistry, 117871, Moscow, Russia
1 To whom correspondance should be addressed ; Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique Moléculaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Médecine de Rangueil, Bâtiment A2, 133 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France, Tel. 33 5 61 32 34 34, Fax 33 5 61 32 34 24e-mail : blancher.a{at}chu-toulouse.fr
Received on December 15, 2006; revised on February 3, 2007; accepted on February 3, 2007
Functional glycosyltransferase family 6 (GT6) members which catalyse galactose or Nacetylgalactosamine in _1,3 to various substrates, synthesize structures related to the A and B histo-blood group antigens, the Forssman antigen, _Gal epitope and iGb3 glycolipid. In the rat, mouse, dog, and cow genomes, we have identified three new mammalian genes (GT6m5, GT6m6, GT6m7) encoding putative proteins belonging to the GT6 family. Only the GT6m6 protein, does not display major alterations of the GT6 motifs involved in binding of the divalent cation and the substrate. Based on protein sequence comparison, gene structure and syntheny, GT6 homologous sequences were also identified in bird, fish and amphibian genomes. Strikingly, the number and type of GT6 genes varied widely from species to species, even within phylogenetically related groups. In human, excepted the ABOfunctional alleles, all other GT6 genes are either absent or non-functional. Human, mouse, and cow have only one ABOgene, but rat and dog have several. In the chicken the Forsman synthase-like, is the single GT6 family member. Five Forsman synthase-likegenes were found in zebrafish, but are absent from three other fishes (fugu, puffer fish and medaka). Two iGb3 synthase-likegenes were found in medaka that are absent from zebrafish. Fugu, puffer fish and medaka have an additional GT6 gene that we termed GT6m8which is absent from all other species analysed here. These observations indicate that individual GT6 genes have expanded and contracted by recurrent duplications and deletions during vertebrate evolution, following a birth-and-deathevolution type.
Key words: ABO / birth-and-death / evolution / Glycosyltransferase / histo-blood group
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