Glycobiology Advance Access published online on April 24, 2006
Glycobiology, doi:10.1093/glycob/cwj120
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1 Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; Division of Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Thermophiles constitute a class of microrganisms able to grow at extremely elevated temperatures. Some of these species are classified as Gram-negative bacteria, due to the presence of an outer membrane in the cell envelope, which is located on the top of a thick murein layer. Unlike typical Gram-negative bacteria, the outer membranes of Thermus species are not composed by lipopolysaccharides but by peculiar glycolipids, whose structures seem to be strictly involved in the adaptation to high temperatures. In the present work, the complete structures of the major glycolipid components from the cell envelope of the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus Samu-SA1 are presented. Protocols conventionally adopted for Gram-negative bacteria were used, and, for the first time, glycolipids from Thermus were analysed in their native form. Two glycolipids and one phosphoglycolipid were detected and characterised. The two glycolipids, analysed by NMR spectroscopy and ESI FT-ICR mass spectrometry, possessed the same tetrasaccharide structure linked to a glycerol unit or, alternatively, to a long-chain diol. Moreover, a phosphoglycolipid from Thermus was characterised for the first time, in which N-glyceroyl-heptadecaneamine was present. These molecules are chemically related to other glycolipids from thermophile bacteria, in which they play a crucial role in the adaptation of cell membranes to heat.
Received March 28, 2006
Revised April 20, 2006
Accepted April 21, 2006
Article
The structures of glycolipids isolated from the highly thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus Samu-SA1
Serena Leone 1,
Antonio Molinaro 2 *,
Buko Lindner 3,
Ida Romano 4,
Barbara Nicolaus 4,
Michelangelo Parrilli 2,
Rosa Lanzetta 2,
and
Otto Holst 5
2 Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
3 Department of Immunochemistry and Biochemical Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 10, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
4 Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB-CNR), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
5 Division of Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
Antonio Molinaro, E-mail: molinaro{at}unina.it
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