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Glycobiology Advance Access published online on November 29, 2005

Glycobiology, doi:10.1093/glycob/cwj062
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.
Received October 9, 2005
Accepted November 14, 2005

Article

Glycomic survey mapping of zebrafish identifies unique sialylation pattern

Yann Guérardel 1, Lan-Yi Chang 2, Emmanuel Maes 3, Chang-Jen Huang 2, and Kay-Hooi Khoo 2 *

1 Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, USTL, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
2 Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
3 Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, USTL, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Kay-Hooi Khoo , E-mail: kkhoo{at}gate.sinica.edu.tw


   Abstract

Functional genomics and proteomics studies of the developmental glycobiology of zebrafish are greatly hampered by the current lack of knowledge on its glycosylation profile. To furnish the requisite structural basis for a more insightful functional delineation and genetic manipulation, we have initiated a survey mapping of the possible expression of stage-specific glycoconjugates in zebrafish. High sensitivity mass spectrometry (MS) analysis in conjunction with the usual array of enzymatic and chemical derivatization was employed as the principal method for rapid differential mapping of the glycolipids and sequentially liberated N- and O-glycans from the total extracts. We demonstrated that all developmental stages of the zebrafish under investigation, from fertilized eggs to hatched embryos, synthesize oligo-mannosyl types of N-glycans as well as complex types with additionally {beta}4-galactosylated, Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc mono-sialylated Lewis X termini. A combination of CID-MS/MS and NMR analyses led to the identification of an abundant and unusual mucin-type O-glycosylation, based on a novel sequence Fuc{alpha}1-3GalNAc{beta}1-4(Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc{alpha}2-3)Gal{beta}1-3GalNAc. This core structure may be further oligo-sialylated, but exclusively in the earlier development stages. Similarly, MS and MS/MS analyses of the extracted glycolipid fraction revealed the presence of a heterogeneous family of oligo-sialylated lactosylceramide compounds. In contrast to the O-glycans, these glycolipids only appear in the later development stages, suggesting a complex pattern of regulation for sialyltransferase activities during zebrafish embryogenesis.

Keywords: glycomics/mass spectrometry/sialylation/structure analysis/zebrafish.
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