Glycobiology Advance Access first published online on November 24, 2004
This version published online on November 29, 2004
Glycobiology, doi:10.1093/glycob/cwi017
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1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Members of the mammalian
Revised October 26, 2004
Accepted November 18, 2004
Article
Functional analysis of Drosophila
1,4-N-Acetlygalactosaminyltransferases
Kenneth D. Irvine, E-mail: irvine{at}waksman.rutgers.edu
Abstract 
1,4-galactosyltransferase family are among the best studied glycosyltransferases, but the requirements for all members of this family within an animal have not previously been determined. Here, we describe analysis of two Drosophila genes, 4GalNAcTA (CG8536) and 4GalNAcTB (CG14517), that are homologous to mammalian 1,4-galactosyltransferases. Like their mammalian homologs, these glycosyltransferases use Nacetylglucosamine as an acceptor substrate. However, they transfer N-acetylgalactosamine rather than galactose. This activity, together with amino acid sequence similarity, places them among a group of recently identified invertebrate 1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases. To investigate the biological functions of these genes, null mutations were generated by imprecise excision of a transposable element (4GalNAcTA) or by gene targeted homologous recombination (4GalNAcTB). Flies mutant for 4GalNAcTA are viable and fertile, but display behavioral phenotypes suggestive of essential roles for GalNAc-1,4-GlcNAc containing glycoconjugates in neuronal and/or muscular function. 4GalNAcTB mutants are viable and display no evident morphological or behavioral phenotypes. Flies doubly mutant for both genes display only the behavioral phenotypes associated with mutation of 4GalNAcTA. Thus, Drosophila homologs of the mammalian 4GalT family are essential for neuromuscular physiology or development, but are not otherwise required for viability, fertility, or external morphology.1,4-galactosyltransferase, Notch, development, CG8531.
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