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Glycobiology Advance Access published online on March 24, 2004
Glycobiology, doi:10.1093/glycob/cwh067
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Submitted on October 16, 2003
Revised on February 11, 2004
Accepted on February 23, 2004

© 2004 Glycobiology © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved.

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

The heparan sulfate-specific epitope 10E4 is NO-sensitive and partly inaccessible in glypican-1

Katrin Mani 1, Fang Cheng 1, Staffan Sandgren 1, Jacob van den Born 2, Birgitta Havsmark 1, Kan Ding 1, and Lars-Åke Fransson 1*

1 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Section for Cell and Matrix Biology, Lund University, BMC C13, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
2 Department of Cell Biology, Free University of Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1981 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lars-ake.fransson{at}medkem.lu.se.

Abstract

The monoclonal antibody 10E4, which recognizes an epitope supposed to contain N-unsubstituted glucosamine, is commonly used to trace heparan sulfate proteoglycans. It has not been fully clarified if the N-unsubstituted glucosamine is required for antibody recognition, and if all heparan sulfates carry this epitope. Here we show that the epitope can contain N-unsubstituted glucosamine and that nitric oxide-generated deaminative cleavage at this residue in vivo can destroy the epitope. Studies using flow cytometry and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy of both normal and transformed cells indicated that the 10E4 epitope was partially inaccessible in the heparan sulfate chains attached to glypican-1. The 10E4 antibody recognized mainly heparan sulfate degradation products that colocalized with acidic endosomes. These sites were greatly depleted of 10E4-positive heparan sulfate upon suramin inhibition of heparanase. Instead, there was increased colocalization between 10E4-positive heparan sulfate and glypican-1. When both S-nitrosylation of Gpc-1 and heparanase were inhibited, detectable 10E4 epitope colocalized entirely with glypican-1. In nitric oxide-depleted cells, there was both an increased signal from 10E4 and increased colocalization with glypican-1. In suramin-treated cells, the 10E4 epitope was destroyed by ascorbate-released nitric oxide with concomitant formation of anhydromannose-containing heparan sulfate oligosaccharides. Immunoisolation of radiolabelled 10E4-positive material from unperturbed cells yielded very little glypican-1 when compared with specifically immunoisolated glypican-1 and with total proteoglycan and degradation products. The 10E4-immunoisolates were either other heparan sulfate proteoglycans or heparan sulfate degradation products.


Glypican-1, Heparanase, Heparan sulfate, mAb 10E4, Nitric oxide
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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. van den Born, K. Salmivirta, T. Henttinen, N. Ostman, T. Ishimaru, S. Miyaura, K. Yoshida, and M. Salmivirta
Novel Heparan Sulfate Structures Revealed by Monoclonal Antibodies
J. Biol. Chem., May 27, 2005; 280(21): 20516 - 20523.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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