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Glycobiology Advance Access published online on October 23, 2003
Glycobiology, doi:10.1093/glycob/cwh017
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Submitted on July 22, 2003
Revised on October 3, 2003
Accepted on October 3, 2003

© 2003 Oxford University Press

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Hydrolysis, lactonization and identification of {alpha}(2->8)/{alpha}(2->9) alternatively linked tri-, tetra- and polysialic acids

Mou-Chi Cheng 1, Chun-Hung Lin 2, Heng-Ru Lin 1, Yi-Ping Yu 1, and Shih-Hsiung Wu 2*

1 Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 TAIWAN
2 Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 TAIWAN; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 115 TAIWAN

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: shwu{at}gate.sinica.edu.tw.

Abstract

Alpha-(2->8)/{alpha}(2->9) alternatively-linked polysialic acid (PSA) can be identified by controlled hydrolysis followed by the analysis with capillary electrophoresis (CE). Due to the different stability of {alpha}(2->8) and {alpha}(2->9) linkages in acidic hydrolysis, oligosialic acids (OSA) from the hydrolysis of {alpha}(2->8)/{alpha}(2->9) OSA/PSA could be classified into two groups in the CE profile. The group with an odd numerical degree of polymerization (DP) had two peaks in the CE profile, and the other group, with even number of DP, showed one peak. Each alternating {alpha}(2->8)/{alpha}(2->9) linked OSA contains two isomers: one starts with the {alpha}(2->8) linkage from non-reducing end and the other starts with the {alpha}(2->9) linkage from non-reducing end. Trimers and tetramers were isolated by using a Mono Q column with an HPLC system. The two trimer isomers are {alpha}(2->8)/{alpha}(2->9) and {alpha}(2->9)/{alpha}(2->8) linkages and only showed partial separation by CE. After lactonization, sialidase hydrolysis and alkaline treatment, the two trimer isomers could be separated and identified by CE analysis, but only the {alpha}(2->8)/{alpha}(2->9) trimer could be converted to the dilactone in glacial acetic acid. The two tetramer isomers could be converted to four monolactones and three dilactones. These lactonized species could be identified on the basis of several principles in sialidase hydrolysis and lactonization. In conclusion, regioselectivity on the lactonization of oligosialic acids proceeds under several principles: (a) lactonization takes place more easily in the {alpha}(2->8) linkage than in the {alpha}(2->9) linkage, (b) all of the positions of {alpha}(2->8) linkages in {alpha}(2->8)/{alpha}(2->9) alternatively-linked OSA can be lactonized regardless of external or internal carboxyl groups involved, and (c) for the site of {alpha}(2->9) linkage, only internal carboxyl groups can be lactonized.


capillary electrophoresis, hydrolysis, lactonization, oligosialic acid, polysialic acids
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