Glycobiology, Vol 9, 747-755, Copyright © 1999 by Oxford University Press
P Gagneux and A Varki
The oligosaccharide chains (glycans) attached to cell surface and
extracellular proteins and lipids are known to mediate many important
biological roles. However, for many glycans, there are still no evident
functions that are of obvious benefit to the organism that synthesizes
them. There is also no clear explanation for the extreme complexity and
diversity of glycans that can be found on a given glycoconjugate or cell
type. Based on the limited information available about the scope and
distribution of this diversity among taxonomic groups, it is difficult to
see clear trends or patterns consistent with different evolutionary
lineages. It appears that closely related species may not necessarily share
close similarities in their glycan diversity, and that more derived species
may have simpler as well as more complex structures. Intraspecies diversity
can also be quite extensive, often without obvious functional relevance. We
suggest one general explanation for these observations, that glycan
diversification in complex multicellular organisms is driven by
evolutionary selection pressures of both endogenous and exogenous origin.
We argue that exogenous selection pressures mediated by viral and microbial
pathogens and parasites that recognize glycans have played a more prominent
role, favoring intra- and interspecies diversity. This also makes it
difficult to appreciate and elucidate the specific endogenous roles of the
glycans within the organism that synthesizes them.
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Evolutionary considerations in relating oligosaccharide diversity to biological function
Glycobiology Program and UCSD Cancer Center, Divisions of Hematology- Oncology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine,University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA.
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