Glycobiology Advance Access originally published online on June 1, 2009
Glycobiology 2009 19(8):813-815; doi:10.1093/glycob/cwp069
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
For intra-articular delivery of chondroitin sulfate
2 Laboratory of Connective Tissue Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Caen, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
3 Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole Via E. Basini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel: +33-2-31-06-82-18; Fax: +33-2-31-06-82-28; e-mail: jean-pierre.pujol@unicaen.fr
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So far, there is no efficient treatment that could stop the pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA), and the management of the disease is mainly based on the alleviation of clinical symptoms by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics compounds. However, some natural products have been proposed as symptomatic treatments, and named symptomatic slow acting disease modifying drugs (SYSADOA). They include glucosamine sulfate (GS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronan (intra-articular injection), diacerhein, and avocado/soybean unsaponifiable extracts. GS and CS are sold as neutraceuticals over-the-counter in the United States but they are clinically used as anti-arthrosic drugs in some European countries. However, their clinical efficacy has never been clearly demonstrated and the recent large-scale multicenter trial Glucosamine/chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Trial (GAIT) showed
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