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Glycobiology Advance Access originally published online on April 20, 2007
Glycobiology 2007 17(7):12C-15C; doi:10.1093/glycob/cwm045
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

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Double-stranded RNA induces galectin-9 in vascular endothelial cells: involvement of TLR3, PI3K, and IRF3 pathway

Tadaatsu Imaizumi1,2, Hidemi Yoshida2, Nozomu Nishi6, Hiroshi Sashinami3, Takanori Nakamura6, Mitsuomi Hirashima7, Chikara Ohyama4, Ken Itoh5 and Kei Satoh2

2 Department of Vascular Biology
3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology
4 Department of Urology
5 Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5-Zaifucho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
6 Department of Endocrinology
7 Department of Immunology and Immunopathology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: timaizum{at}cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp

Received on January 11, 2007; revised on April 1, 2006; accepted on April 13, 2007

Galectin-9 is a member of the galectin family, which induces various biological reactions such as chemotaxis of eosinophils and apoptosis of T cells. We previously reported that polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (poly IC), an authentic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), induces the expression of galectin-9 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In the present study, we addressed the possible involvement of two potential receptors for dsRNA, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I), in the expression of galectin-9 in HUVECs. Poly IC-induced galectin-9 expression was almost completely suppressed by RNA interference (RNAi) against TLR3, but not against RIG-I. LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), inhibited the induction of galectin-9 by poly IC. RNAi against interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) also inhibited poly IC-induced galectin-9 expression. We conclude that TLR3, PI3K, and IRF3 are involved in the poly IC-induced galectin-9 expression in HUVECs.

Key words: dsRNA / galectin-9 / vascular endothelial cells / TLR3 / RIG-I / PI3K / IRF3


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