Glycobiology, 2002, Vol. 12, No. 6 79R-105R
© 2002 Oxford University Press
MINI REVIEW |
Nod factor structures, responses, and perception during initiation of nodule development
3 Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
Abstract
The onset of nodule development, the result of rhizobia–legume symbioses, is determined by the exchange of chemical compounds between microsymbiont and leguminous host plant. Lipo-chitooligosaccharidic nodulation (Nod) factors, secreted by rhizobia, belong to these signal molecules. Nod factors consist of an acylated chitin oligomeric backbone with various substitutions at the (non)reducing-terminal and/or nonterminal residues. They induce the formation and deformation of root hairs, intra- and extracellular alkalinization, membrane potential depolarization, changes in ion fluxes, early nodulin gene expression, and formation of nodule primordia. Nod factors play a key role during nodule initiation and act at nano- to picomolar concentrations. A correct chemical structure is required for induction of a particular plant response, suggesting that Nod factor–receptor interaction(s) precede(s) a Nod factor-induced signal transduction cascade. Current data on Nod factor structures and Nod factor-induced responses are highlighted as well as recent advances in the characterization of proteins, possibly involved in recognition of Nod factors by the host plant.
Footnotes
1 Present address: Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
2 To whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: mahol{at}gengenp.rug.ac.be
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