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Glycobiology, 2001, Vol. 11, No. 2 125-130
© 2001 Oxford University Press

Specificity of carbohydrate structures of gangliosides in the activity to regenerate the rat axotomized hypoglossal nerve

Michi-ichiro Itoh2, Satoshi Fukumoto3, Tsutomu Iwamoto2, Akio Mizuno2, Atsushi Rokutanda4, Hide-Ki Ishida5, Makoto Kiso5 and Koichi Furukawa6,1

2First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 3Department of Pediatric Dentistry, 4Department of Oral Anatomy, Nagasaki University School of Dentistry, 1–7–1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852–8102, 5Department of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University, Gifu, 501–1193, and 6Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Tsurumai, Nagoya, 466–0065 Japan

We previously reported that a ganglioside mixture from bovine brain could prevent neuronal death and promote regeneration in rats with hypoglossal nerve resection. In the present study, we have compared the neurotrophic effects of various glycosphingolipids including lactosyl-ceramide. The findings revealed that GT1b had the activity of neuronal death prevention equivalent to a ganglioside mixture or autograft, while other glycolipids exhibited about 60% activity. However, the capability to promote the regeneration varied among glycolipids, that is, GT1b (86%), GD1b (55%), GD1a (35%), GQ1b (34%), GM1 (20%), lactosyl-ceramide (17%) in the number of horseradish peroxidase–positive neurons as an indicator of regeneration. The experiments with oligosaccharides of GT1b or GD1b and ceramide showed that the carbohydrate moiety mainly exerts neurotrophic effects. These findings suggested that fine structures of carbohydrate moiety in gangliosides are critical in the regenerative activity in this hypoglossal nerve regeneration system.

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed


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