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Glycobiology Advance Access originally published online on June 24, 2009
Glycobiology 2009 19(9):1046-1053; doi:10.1093/glycob/cwp088
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Heterodisaccharide 4-O-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-D-glucosamine is a specific inducer of chitinolytic enzyme production in Vibrios harboring chitin oligosaccharide deacetylase genes

Takako Hirano, Kazunari Kadokura, Takanori Ikegami, Yuko Shigeta, Yasuko Kumaki, Wataru Hakamata, Tadatake Oku and Toshiyuki Nishio1

Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel: +81-466-84-3951; Fax: +81-466-84-3951; e-mail: nishio.toshiyuki{at}nihon-u.ac.jp

Received on April 13, 2009; revised on June 13, 2009; accepted on June 13, 2009

Vibrio parahaemolyticus KN1699 produces 4-O-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc-GlcN) as a major end product from chitin using two extracellular hydrolases: glycoside hydrolase family 18 chitinase, which produces (GlcNAc)2 from chitin, and carbohydrate esterase (CE) family 4 chitin oligosaccharide deacetylase (COD), which hydrolyzes the N-acetyl group at the reducing-end GlcNAc residue of (GlcNAc)2. In this study, we clarified that this heterodisaccharide functions as an inducer of the production of the two above-mentioned chitinolytic enzymes, particularly chitinase. Similar results for chitinase production were obtained with other chitin-decomposing Vibrio strains harboring the CE family 4 COD gene; however, such an increase in chitinase production was not observed in chitinolytic Vibrio strains that did not harbor the COD gene. These results suggest that GlcNAc-GlcN is a unique inducer of chitinase production in Vibrio bacteria that have the COD-producing ability and that the COD involved in the synthesis of this signal compound is one of the key enzymes in the chitin catabolic cascade of these bacteria.

Key words: chitinase / deacetylase / enzyme induction / heterodisaccharide / Vibrionaceae bacteria


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