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Glycobiology Advance Access originally published online on February 24, 2006
Glycobiology 2006 16(6):463-476; doi:10.1093/glycob/cwj097
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

It depends on the hinge: a structure-functional analysis of galectin-8, a tandem-repeat type lectin

Yifat Levy2,*, Sofia Auslender2,*, Miriam Eisenstein3, Roee R. Vidavski2, Denise Ronen2, Alexander D. Bershadsky2, and Yehiel Zick1,2

2 Department of Molecular Cell Biology and 3 Department of Chemical Services, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: yehiel.zick{at}weizmann.ac.il

Received on April 20, 2005; revised on January 16, 2006; accepted on February 22, 2006

Galectin-8, a member of the galectin family of mammalian lectins, is made of two carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs), joined by a "hinge" region. Ligation of integrins by galectin-8 induces a distinct cytoskeletal organization, associated with activation of the extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling cascades. We show that these properties of galectin-8 are mediated by the concerted action of its two CRDs and involve both protein–sugar and protein–protein interactions. Accordingly, the isolated N- or C-CRD domains of galectin-8 or galectin-8 mutated at selected residues implicated in sugar binding (E251Q; W85Y, W248Y, W[85,248]Y) exhibited reduced sugar binding, which was accompanied by severe impairment in the capacity of these mutants to promote the adhesive, spreading, and signaling functions of galectin-8. Other mutations that did not impair sugar binding (e.g. E88Q) still impeded the signaling and cell-adherence functions of galectin-8. Deletion of the "hinge" region similarly impaired the biological effects of galectin-8. These results provide evidence that cooperative interactions between the two CRDs and the "hinge" domain are required for the proper functioning of galectin-8.

Key words: cell adhesion / galectins / protein–sugar interactions / signal transduction

* These authors contributed equally to this work.


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