Glycobiology Advance Access originally published online on July 13, 2005
Glycobiology 2006 16(1):1R-27R; doi:10.1093/glycob/cwj008
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Siglecs—the major subfamily of I-type lectins
2 Department of Medicine, 3 Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and 4 Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and 5 Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: varkiadmin{at}ucsd.edu
Received on April 25, 2005; revised on July 2, 2005; accepted on July 2, 2005
Animal glycan-recognizing proteins can be broadly classified into two groups—lectins (which typically contain an evolutionarily conserved carbohydrate-recognition domain [CRD]) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (SGAG)-binding proteins (which appear to have evolved by convergent evolution). Proteins other than antibodies and T-cell receptors that mediate glycan recognition via immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains are called "I-type lectins." The major homologous subfamily of I-type lectins with sialic acid (Sia)-binding properties and characteristic amino-terminal structural features are called the "Siglecs" (Sia-recognizing Ig-superfamily lectins). The Siglecs can be divided into two groups: an evolutionarily conserved subgroup (Siglecs-1, -2, and -4) and a CD33/Siglec-3-related subgroup (Siglecs-3 and -5–13 in primates), which appear to be rapidly evolving. This article provides an overview of historical and current information about the Siglecs.
Key words: Siglecs / sialic acids / lectins / immunoglobulin superfamily / evolution
1 The term "sialome" is coined here to denote the total complement of sialic acid types and linkages and their modes of presentation on a particular organelle, cell, tissue, organ, or organism—as found at a particular time and under specific conditions.
2 The "Red Queen" effect in evolution is based on the observation to Alice by the Red Queen in Lewis Carroll’s "Through the Looking Glass"-that "it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place." Thus, complex multicellular animals with long life cycles must rapidly evolve to survive the onslaught of microbial pathogens that can replicate much faster.
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