Glycobiology Advance Access originally published online on August 23, 2005
Glycobiology 2006 16(1):1-10; doi:10.1093/glycob/cwj031
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Carbohydrate-dependent inhibition of Helicobacter pylori colonization using porcine milk
2 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden; 3 Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; 4 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; 5 Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Szent István University, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary; and 6 Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: anki.gustafsson{at}clinchem.gu.se
Received on January 14, 2005; revised on July 29, 2005; accepted on August 17, 2005
Breast milk has a well-known anti-microbial effect, which is in part due to the many different carbohydrate structures expressed. This renders it a position as a potential therapeutic for treatment of infection by different pathogens, thus avoiding the drawbacks of many antibiotics. In a previous study, we showed that pigs express the Helicobacter pylori receptors, sialyl Lewis x (Lex) and Leb, on various milk proteins. Here, we investigate the pig breed- and individual-specific expression of these epitopes, as well as the inhibitory capacity of porcine milk on H. pylori binding and colonization. Milk proteins from three different pig breeds were analysed by western blotting using antibodies with known carbohydrate specificity. An adhesion assay was used to investigate the capacity of pig milk to inhibit H. pylori binding to neoglycoproteins carrying Leb and sialyl-di-Lex. 
1,3/4-fucosyltransferase transgenic FVB/N mice, known to express Leb and sialyl Lex in their gastric epithelium, were colonized by H. pylori and were subsequently treated with Leb- and sialyl Lex-expressing or nonexpressing porcine milk, or water (control) only. The degree of H. pylori colonization in the different treatment groups was quantified. The expression of the Leb and sialyl Lex carbohydrate epitopes on pig milk proteins was breed- and individual specific and correlated to the ability of porcine milk to inhibit H. pylori adhesion in vitro and H. pylori colonization in vivo. Milk from certain pig breeds may have a therapeutic and/or prophylactic effect on H. pylori infection.
Key words: carbohydrates / Helicobacter pylori / infection / milk / porcine
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