Glycobiology Advance Access originally published online on October 20, 2004
Glycobiology 2005 15(3):303-312; doi:10.1093/glycob/cwi008
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Glycobiology vol. 15 no. 3 © Oxford University Press 2005; all rights reserved.
Preparation and application of biologically active fluorescent hyaluronan oligosaccharides
2 MRC Immunochemistry Unit, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK; and 3 Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: andrew.almond{at}bioch.ox.ac.uk
Received on September 17, 2004; accepted on October 19, 2004
We report the production of biologically active hyaluronan (HA) oligosaccharides labeled with the fluorophore 2-aminobenzoic acid (2AA). Oligosaccharides from 4 to 40 residues in length were purified to homogeneity by ion exchange chromatography using a logarithmic gradient. Molecular weight and purity characterization of HA oligosaccharides is facilitated by 2AA derivatization because it enhances signals in MALDI-TOF MS and improves FACE (fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) analysis by avoiding the inverted parabolic migration characteristic of 2-aminoacridone (AMAC)-labeled sugars. The small size and shape of the fluorophore maintains the biological activity of the derivatized oligosaccharides, as demonstrated by their ability to compete for polymeric HA binding to the G1-domain of human recombinant versican (VG1). An electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to study VG1 binding to labeled HA 8-, 10-, 20-, 30-, and 40-mers, and although no stable VG1 binding was observed to labeled 8-mers, the equilibrium dissociation constant (100 nM) for VG1 with HA10 was estimated from densitometry analysis of the free oligosaccharide. Interactions involving HA 20-, 30-, and 40-mers (proposed to be multivalent) could also be studied using this protocol. Oligosaccharides labeled with 2AA therefore show excellent potential as probes in fluorescence-based assays that investigate protein–carbohydrate interactions.
Key words: 2-aminobenzoic acid / electrophoretic mobility shift assay / fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis / mass spectrometry / versican
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