Glycobiology Advance Access originally published online on April 7, 2004
Glycobiology 2004 14(8):745-755; doi:10.1093/glycob/cwh083
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Glycobiology vol. 14 no. 8 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved.
Role of heparan sulfate in dextral heart looping in chick
3 Molecular Medicine Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; 4 Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bldg. 68–480, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139; and 5 School of Biological Sciences, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, England
Received on January 17, 2004; revised on March 20, 2004; accepted on March 23, 2004
Heparan sulfate (HS) has been shown to be involved in left–right asymmetry formation, including the process of dextral heart looping during embryonic development. The structural features of HS required in this process, however, have not been explored. In this study, we examined the structure of HS from the heart-forming regions (or heart fields) of Hamburger and Hamilton stage 5–9 chick embryos. No significant differences were found in HS to chondroitin sulfate (CS) ratio, HS chain length, or [35S] sulfate incorporation at HS disaccharide level between the left and the right heart fields. Compared to other parts of the embryo, however, lower ratio of HS to CS, shorter HS chain length, and higher [35S] sulfate incorporation at 6-O position of the glucosamine residue in the HS chains were observed in the heart-forming regions. Moreover, HS from the left and the right heart fields exhibit differential cleavage by heparanase, an endo-ß-D- glucuronidase that cleaves specific sequences within the HS chain. In embryo culture, microinjection of the active human heparanase enzyme into the right but not the left pericardial cavity at stage 7–8+ resulted in reversed heart looping in a dose-dependent manner. Heart reversal following microinjection of heparin or heparin derivatives suggests the involvement of N- and 6-O-sulfation but not 2-O-sulfation in the heart looping process.
1 Present address: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
2 To whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: rdrrosen{at}mit.edu
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  X. Yue, X. Li, H. T. Nguyen, D. R. Chin, D. E. Sullivan, and J. A. Lasky Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1 Induces Heparan Sulfate 6-O-Endosulfatase 1 Expression in Vitro and in Vivo J. Biol. Chem., July 18, 2008; 283(29): 20397 - 20407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|