Glycobiology Advance Access originally published online on October 23, 2003
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Glycobiology vol 14 no 2 pp. 157-167, 2004
© Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved.
Human galectin-1 recognition of poly-N-acetyllactosamine and chimeric polysaccharides
2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Biomedical Research Center, Room 417, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; 3 School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirão Preto-SP, University of São Paulo-Brazil, Av. do Café s/n–14015-900, São Paulo, Brazil; 4 Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Received on July 30, 2003; revised on October 2, 2003; accepted on October 3, 2003
Human galectin-1 is a dimeric carbohydrate binding protein (Gal-1) (subunit 14.6 kDa) widely expressed by many cells but whose carbohydrate binding specificity is not well understood. Because of conflicting evidence regarding the ability of human Gal-1 to recognize N-acetyllactosamine (LN, Galß4GlcNAc) and poly-N-acetyllactosamine sequences (PL, [-3Galß4GlcNAcß1-]n), we synthesized a number of neoglycoproteins containing galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, fucose, LN, PL, and chimeric polysaccharides conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA). All neoglycoproteins were characterized by MALDI-TOF. Binding was determined in ELISA-type assays with immobilized neoglycoproteins and apparent binding affinities were estimated. For comparison, we also tested the binding of these neoglycoconjugates to Ricinus communis agglutinin I, (RCA-I, a galactose-binding lectin) and Lycopersicon esculentum agglutinin (LEA, or tomato lectin), a PL-binding lectin. Gal-1 bound to immobilized Galß4GlcNAcß3Galß4Glc-BSA with an apparent Kd of 
23 µM but bound better to BSA conjugates with long PL and chimeric polysaccharide sequences (Kd's ranging from 11.9 ± 2.9 µM to 20.9 ± 5.1 µM). By contrast, Gal-1 did not bind glycans lacking a terminal, nonreducing unmodified LN disaccharide and also bound very poorly to lactosyl-BSA (Galß4Glc-BSA). By contrast, RCA bound well to all glycans containing terminal, nonreducing Galß1-R, including lactosyl-BSA, and bound independently of the modification of the terminal, nonreducing LN or the presence of PL. LEA bound with increasing affinity to unmodified PL in proportion to chain length. Thus Gal-1 binds terminal ß4Gal residues, and its binding affinity is enhanced significantly by the presence of this determinant on long-chain PL or chimeric polysaccharides.
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: richard-cummings{at}ouhsc.edu
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