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Glycobiology, 2000, Vol. 10, No. 6 629-636
© 2000 Oxford University Press

In vitro characterization of anti-glucosylceramide rabbit antisera

Lore Brade, Gabriele Vielhaber1, Ernst Heinz2 and Helmut Brade3

Research Center Borstel, Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, D-23845 Borstel, Germany, 2Analytical Research Department, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, D-20245 Hamburg, Germany, and 3Institute of General Botany, University of Hamburg, Ohnhornstrasse 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany

Glucosylceramides (GlcCer) are biosynthetic precursors of glycosphingolipids. They are widely distributed in biological systems where they exhibit numerous biological functions. Studies on the localization of glucosylceramides in different tissues have used biochemical methods only since specific antibodies against GlcCer were not previously available. We have characterized two commercially available rabbit antisera which were prepared against GlcCer of plant origin (1-O-(ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-N-acyl-4-hydroxysphinganine; GlcCer-3) or human origin (1-O-(ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-N-acyl-sphingosine; GlcCer-2) and claimed to be specific for GlcCer. The antisera were also able to detect specifically GlcCer species in crude lipid extracts from human epidermis after separation by thin-layer chromatography. The reagents are sensitive since both antisera reacted at dilutions higher than 1:500 with their homologous antigen in the nanogram range in thin layer immunostaining or dot-blot assays. The antisera are specific for GlcCer although they did not differentiate between GlcCer-2 and GlcCer-3 containing sphingosine or 4-hydroxysphinganine. The antisera also reacted with N-stearoyl-DL-dihydroglucocere­broside indicating that the naturally occurring structural variations in the amino alcohol moiety are not determining the specificity. No crossreactivity was observed with other mono- or diglycosylceramides (galactosylceramides, lactosyl­ceramide), free ceramides or structurally unrelated lipids (cholesterol, sphingomyelin, or phospholipids). Therefore, the glycosylmoiety seems to represent the major antigenic determinant. Finally, the antisera also proved to be useful for the immunohistochemical localization of GlcCer in human epidermis by which earlier biochemical data on the distribution of GlcCer in the various epidermal layers were confirmed.

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed


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