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Glycobiology, 2000, Vol. 10, No. 6 539-549
© 2000 Oxford University Press

Identification and purification of cytolytic antibodies directed against O-acetylated sialic acid in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Santanu Pal, Mitali Chatterjee, Dilip Kumar Bhattacharya3, Santu Bandhyopadhyay2 and Chitra Mandal1

Immunobiology and 2Cellular Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Calcutta 700032, India and 3Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Calcutta 700045, India

Sialic acids typically present as terminal sugars of oligo­saccharides are reported to be modified by O-acetylation at the C-9 position on lymphoblasts of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients (Sinha et al., 1999a, Leukaemia, 13, 119–125). We now report high titers of IgG antibodies directed against O-acetylated derivatives of sialic acids (O-AcSA) in serum of ALL patients. These antibodies were purified using bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) and the IgG distribution was confined to IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses; their binding was totally abolished with de-O-acetylation confirming their specificity towards O-AcSA determinants. Flow cytometry demonstrated binding of these antibody fractions to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of both T- and B-ALL patients having increased cell surface 9-O-AcSA determinants. Western blotting of membranes derived from PBMC of ALL patients confirmed binding of the antibody to O-acetylated sialoglycoconjugates corresponding to 144, 135, 120, 90, and 36 kDa whereas binding to PBMC from normal individuals corresponded to 144 and 36 kDa. Specificity of the antibody fraction towards 9-O-AcSA was substantiated by hemagglutination and hemagglutination–inhibition assays. The antibody purified from ALL serum selectively mediates complement dependent cytolysis of lymphoblasts expressing O-AcSAs and thereby possibly confers passive protection. The enhanced anti O-AcSA antibody levels allowed for development of a serodiagnostic assay (BSM-ELISA) specific for ALL. Minimal crossreactivity was observed with other hematological disorders like acute myeloid leukemia (n = 16), chronic myeloid leukemia (n = 6), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 7) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (n = 3) as well as normal healthy individuals (n = 28). The BSM-ELISA therefore provides a simple, noninvasive alternative diagnostic approach for ALL and merits clinical consideration.

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Immunobiology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur 700 032, India, or via e-mail at iicbm@cal2.vsnl.net.in


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